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This is a wonderful map, also from Professor Clark's team at the University of Sheffield. Things to note are that a substantial part of the British Isles was never glaciated, and that there was a huge sea ice dammed lake in parts of the East Anglia - East Midlands area. The data is from , and it is envisaged that other editions will follow as more information comes to hand.

Clark, C. Bateman, M. Map of the shoreline in the neighbourhood of the British Isles, ca 18 BP. Note that the ice sheet shown on Britain in this map is much smaller for the same date than most other maps. Photo: National Geographic Vol. Note that the permafrost level came to just north of Lascaux and Chauvet, and that Predmost Dolni Vestonice and Willendorf were within the permafrost zone.

It is important to realise the changes in climate towards the end of the last ice age. The history of the development of modern man falls into the most recent geological age, the Quaternary.

It began 2. From a climatic point of view, the quaternary can be divided into cold and warm periods. In contrast to climatically stable warm periods, the climate of the cold periods was characterised by changes from warmer to extremely cold phases. The current warm period, the so-called Holocene, began about 11 years ago.

The last warm period, the Eem before to BP, was warmer than at present. This is confirmed by the remains of hippos from deposits near the Thames. Between the Eem and the Holocene lies the last cold period, which is here referred to as the Vistula. It reached its peak some 24 years ago. Between the glaciated areas, which extended from Schleswig-Holstein in the north, to the south to the foothills of the Alps, a life threatening dry and cold frost regime expanded.

About 19 years ago a climatically milder period began, which ultimately led to resettlement of the area by humans. From 14 years BP, the climate changed drastically, the temperatures increased to almost the present level.

At first it was still drier in Central Europe, with wide, open grasslands, but soon the rainfall was enough to support a closed forest. Sea-level changes during the Pleistocene. The dotted line shows where the level would be if the modern ice caps were melted. Note: I cannot work out where the extra water would come from for levels above that at which all the ice caps are melted. The point when Britain became an island is a defining moment in our history. Scientists have, however, always been puzzled as to exactly how we lost our land link with the Continent.

Now researchers say they had found the answer in the shape of a massive flood which breached the ridge joining Kent and France. They said it would have taken only days for what we now know as the English Channel to have filled with water. The event is thought to have taken place between , and , years ago. Britain's fate as an island was sealed by a second massive flood a few thousand years later, the team from Imperial College London said.

The flood waters came from the southern reaches of the North Sea which had been dammed off into a lake by the landbridge at Dover and glaciers to the north. Once released, the water carved out a channel 15 miles wide and 50 yards deep through the chalky soil. They said this evidence suggested the valley - now under the Channel - was the result of a sudden flood, delivering one million cubic metres of water every second.

The so- called 'megaflood' may have lasted several months and by the time it subsided, a vast, uncrossable waterway separated Britain from the rest of Europe. It also created a barrier to Neanderthal hunters who had previously been regular visitors to Britain. Dr Sanjeev Gupta, a co-author of the study, said: 'This prehistoric event rewrites the history of how the UK became an island and may explain why early human occupation of Britain came to an abrupt halt for almost years.

This event sent another huge torrent of water into the English Channel and further widened the Straits of Dover. Legend: 1 - continental a and maritime b glaciers, 2 - open sea, 3 - lakes, 4 - elongated elevations, 5 - courses of waterways, 6 - primeval valleys Grosvald 97 and major sites of prehistoric art before A and after B, C the glacial maximum.

Map of the maximum extent of the ice during the last ice age, around 20 years ago. Note in particular the extensive lakes ponded behind the ice, fed by the north flowing rivers. Map of the extent of the ice during the last ice age years before the present. Map of the extent of the ice during the last ice age years before the present, just before the final retreat of the ice. Map of the extent of the ice during the last glacial maximum in northern Eurasia, showing the ice sheets, floating ice, and the ice-dammed lakes, as well as the margins of lakes such as Lake Black the present Black Sea, much reduced in size , Lake Caspian, Lake Aral, and the huge Lake Mansi, as well as many smaller lakes.

Belgien F Tipps Armenien F. Albanien Tipps Norwegen F. Niki Volou 1 - 0 Anagenisi Karditsas. Persija 0 - 1 Persisam Putra Sam. Drenica 3 - 5 Llapi. Gjilani 1 - 0 Drita. Al Fahaheel - Al Nasr. Youssoufia Berrechid Tipps Ittihad Tanger.

Leones Negros U. Monterrey 0 - 0 Atlas. Al Shabab 1 - 0 Al-Raed. Mladost L 0 - 2 Vojvodina. Colorado Rapids Tipps Portland Timbers. Gordon R. Doglas Kenyon - Zabranjena povijest J. Doglas Kenyon - Zabranjena religija J. Brennan - Reinkarnacija J. Tilden - Sve bolesti nastaju uslijed zatrovanja J. Rowling - H. Rowling - Harry Poter i darovi smrti J. Rowling - Harry Potter Serijal J. Smith - Sjeme obmane J. Nikolajev i E.

Veze Jacob Boehme. Esposito - Islamska prijetnja mit ili stvarnost John L. Mitnik - Umetnost obmane Kevin J. Leigh - Elixir i kamen M. Leigh - Obmana svicima s mrtvog mora M. Baigent R. Lincoln - Sveta krv, sveti gral M. Bredli - Gospa od Avalona M. Bredli - Magle Avalona M.

Cremo i R. Thompson - Skrivena povijest ljudske vrste M. Crnjac D. Jukic R. Scitovski - Matematika M. Maurice M. Walker - Natrag ka zemlji Norman W. Walker - Sjajno zdravlje Norman W. Norman W. Cast i Kristin Cast - Izabrana P. Cast i Kristin Cast - Izdana P.

Tompkins i C. Symes - Stijene i minerali R. Heilbroner i L. Thurow - Ekonomija za svakoga R. Moynihan i A. Cassels - Prodavanje bolesti.